Weakly basic resins do not maintain their charge at a high pH because they undergo deprotonation. Strongly basic anion resins maintain their negative charge across a wide pH range, whereas weakly basic anion resins are neutralized at higher pH levels. While anion resins attract negatively charged ions, cation resins attract positively charged ions.Īnion resins may be either strongly or weakly basic. Specialised ion-exchange resins are also known such as chelating resins ( iminodiacetic acid, thiourea-based resins, and many others).Īnion resins and cation resins are the two most common resins used in the ion-exchange process. Are effective for demineralization where removal of SiO2 and CO2 are not required. weakly basic anion (WBA), typically featuring primary, secondary, and/or tertiary amino groups, e.g.An ideal choice for dealkalization part and also for softening streams with high salinity levels. weakly acidic cation (WAC), typically featuring carboxylic acid groups.polyAPTAC), good for silical, uranium, nitrates removal. strongly basic anion (SBA), typically featuring quaternary amino groups, for example, trimethylammonium groups, e.g.sodium polystyrene sulfonate or polyAMPS, often used for water softening and demineralization operations. strongly acidic cation (SAC), typically featuring sulfonic acid groups, e.g.These ion-exchange membranes, which are made of highly cross-linked ion-exchange resins that allow passage of ions, but not of water, are used for electrodialysis.įour main types of ion-exchange resins differ in their functional groups: īesides being made as bead-shaped materials, ion-exchange resins are also produced as membranes. Particle size also influences the resin parameters smaller particles have larger outer surface, but cause larger head loss in the column processes. Crosslinking decreases ion-exchange capacity of the resin and prolongs the time needed to accomplish the ion-exchange processes but improves the robustness of the resin. Additionally, in the case of polystyrene, crosslinking is introduced by copolymerisation of styrene and a few percent of divinylbenzene. The actual ion-exchanging sites are introduced after polymerisation. Most typical ion-exchange resins are based on crosslinked polystyrene.
Also, ion-exchange resins are highly effective in the biodiesel filtration process. In many cases ion-exchange resins were introduced in such processes as a more flexible alternative to the use of natural or artificial zeolites. The most common examples are water softening and water purification. Capto Blue medium's excellent chemical stability also ensures tolerance for sodium hydroxide, enabling repeated cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures to remove tightly bound impurities and maintain capacity.Ĭapto Blue medium, an excellent choice for the removal or purification of proteins at both laboratory and process scales, is available as an easy-to use prepacked HiScreen column for fast small-scale purification and process development, as well as in laboratory and process bulk pack sizes.Ion-exchange resins are widely used in different separation, purification, and decontamination processes. These improvements allow faster flow rates and larger sample volumes, leading to higher throughput and improved process economy.ĭepending on the target molecule, the ligand functionality of Capto Blue may be modified through the use of appropriate buffer salts and buffer conductivity to increase selectivity for desired targets. Developed from Blue Sepharose 6 Fast Flow, Capto Blue medium is more chemically stable and has a more rigid agarose base matrix than its predecessor. GE Healthcare's Capto Blue affinity chromatography medium is for the capture of human serum albumin (HSA), as well as purification of HSA fusion proteins, blood coagulation factors, enzymes, and recombinant proteins at laboratory and process scales.
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